钙对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

研究了外源Ca2 对盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的两个水稻品种(武育粳3号和IR36)几种抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明:适量的Ca2 供应能有效提高水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,使之维持在较高的水平上,并降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性。此外,外源Ca2 还增加了抗坏血酸(AsA)的含量,增强了水稻幼苗的根系活力。这表明适量的外源Ca2 供应提高水稻耐盐性的原因之一,在于其增强了植株的活性氧清除能力以及对细胞膜的稳定作用。     

不同原料制备生物柴油生命周期能耗和排放评价

建立了大豆、油菜籽、光皮树和麻疯树4种原料制生物柴油生命周期能源消耗和排放评价模型，并对其进行了生命周期能源消耗和排放评价。结果表明：与石化柴油比较，大豆和油菜籽制生物柴油生命周期整体能源消耗与石化柴油基本相当；光皮树和麻疯树制生物柴油的生命周期整体能源消耗比石化柴油低约10%；所有原料制生物柴油生命周期化石能源消耗显著降低，生命周期HC、CO、PM₁₀、SOx和CO₂排放降低，NOx排放升高。     

Effect of Rice Residues on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil of Subtropical China

A pot incubation experiment with rice residues (straw and root) was conducted under aerobic condition (60% of WHC, water holding capacity) for a period of 55 days in a greenhouse. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were determined by the closed chamber method in a paddy soil. The soil was derived from quaternary red clay, and collected from the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Jiangxi Province, a subtropical region of China. The emissions of CO₂ and N₂O were increased by the amendment of rice residues. Significantly positive correlation was found between N₂O and CO₂ fluxes (R = 0.650*?0.870*, P ≤ 0.05). The cumulative emissions during the early stage of the incubation (<25 days after residue addition) accounted for about 67%–86% and 67%–80% of the total amount of CO₂ and N₂O emissions, respectively. Cumulative emissions and emission factors of the two gases were higher in the soils amended with rice straw than those with rice root. The two gas fluxes were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and N, as well as soluble organic C. N₂O flux was positively correlated with NH₄ ⁺–N content at the early stage (<25 days), and negatively with NO₃ ^?–N content at the later stage of this incubation (25–55 days), implying that both nitrification and denitrification may have contributed to N₂O production.     

QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.     

基于ComGIS的农用地分等单元及属性数据获取方法研究

以湖北省荆州市荆州区农用地分等评价为例，提出了在基于组件式地理信息系统(ComGIS)的农用地评价中，以矢量化并经校正后的土地利用现状图、土壤图、地貌图进行叠加产生的土地资源类型图作为农用地评价单元图，并通过与样点综合评价因素图层进行叠置分析来获取评价单元属性数据的新思路。在实际工作中取得了良好的效果，减少了工作量，提高了分等结果的科学性。     

茶花鸡主要数量性状的遗传分析

 本文按不同世代和不同性别分别估计茶花鸡主要数量性状的表型、遗传参数。结果表明,90日龄体重0至2代公鸡分别为539.40g,604.63g,609.50g;母鸡分别是598.20g,602.58g,606.40g.同0代相比,开产日龄提早7.07天,开产蛋重增加4.91g,300,500日龄产蛋量增加4.57和11.41个。本文着重估计3月龄体重遗传力,公鸡1代为0.34,2代为0.298,母鸡则是0.344和0.331;同代不同年度、不同性别合并估计为0.401和0.512,3月龄体重与开产日龄等21对性状间的遗传、表型相关在数值上存在一定的差异。     

绍兴市农业气象灾害发生特点及防灾措施

分析了绍兴市干旱、台风、洪涝、低温冻害等主要农业气象灾害的发生特点和近几年农业气象灾害变化特征,进而提出了防灾措施。     

西气东输管道长江穿越水上钻探工艺

在西气东输管道长江穿越工程中，由于江水水深流急，流态紊乱，不利于水上钻探，因此，对钻探工艺的合理性进行了分析，分析结果表明，采取恰当合理的钻探平台形式、定位措施、套管安装技术和钻探方法等，可有效应对各种复杂情况，顺利实施水上钻探。     

武定鸡早期肉用性能遗传规律的研究

 本文对武定鸡90日龄活重、胸角、龙骨长及屠体性状的遗传规律初步进行了探讨。材料取自我校鸡场1985年1～6月两批出雏的各200只纯繁殖鸡种,测定诸性状的平均数、标准差。遗传分析用单元内半同胞相关法,将不同季节及性别不同资料合并,计算活重遗传力为0.364,龙骨0.1843,胸角0.376,屠体十个性状的遗传力最高是全净膛重0.8748,最低屠体重0.1,此外着重分析活重、龙骨长、胸角度与屠体主要性状的表型相关、遗传相关及环境相关。结果活重与胸角度、龙骨长间存在较高的遗传相关(0.425、0.4652)。而这三个性状,又与屠体诸性状的主要性状间呈较强的正相关。因此通过对活重等三个性状的辅助选择,有可能提高选种的准确性,从而提高遗传改进量。     

用预处理方法及可压Navier-Stokes方程计算低马赫数流动

用可压方法及预处理方法求解了低马赫数紊流流动,其中空间离散格式采用了Roe格式,紊流模型采用了DES模型.以绕NACA0012的紊流流动为例,分析了该方法对提高流动速度和精度的特性,并将其用到多段翼型及绕圆柱的非定常流动中.数值模拟结果表明,该方法能有效求解低速流动及混合流场问题,且具有较高的数值精度.